基于AVO反演的频变流体识别方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张震  印兴耀  郝前勇 《地球物理学报》2014,57(12):4171-4184

研究表明流体引起衰减与频散往往表现为频变AVO现象.一些频散地震属性,例如纵波频散,已经证实为可靠的碳氢指示因子.为了更有效地识别流体,基于f-μ-ρ近似构建了新的流体因子D_f,即频变流体项.该属性的反演首先需要连续小波变换(CWT)谱分解得到不同频带地震数据,通过去相关与先验约束来保证反演结果可靠性.模型试算证实了频变反射系数近似公式的精度可靠性,D_f可以识别出强衰减介质所引起的频散现象.实际数据试算中,D_f可以较好地识别储层孔隙流体,尤其对于气层,具有较好的指示效果.该流体因子将Gassmann流体项的高孔隙流体敏感性与叠前数据丰富的振幅频率信息相结合,反演效果与岩石物理认识相符.此研究有助于利用衰减频散现象借助AVO反演实现流体识别.  相似文献   

北京及邻近地区中等以上地震地下流体异常识别与特征研究     

杨明波  王吉易  刘喜兰  王力  赵文忠  鲁跃  张洪魁 《地震》2006,26(3):53-63

系统分析了北京及其邻区多年积累的震例资料, 提出该区的地下流体异常分为趋势上升型中期异常、 转折型中短期异常、 突发型短期异常和短临异常等类型。 运用“同一化”思路、 从属函数、 剩余曲线及原始曲线均方差等异常判定方法, 提取了中等以上地震, 特别是5级以上地震的中、 短、 临异常实例。 通过对流体异常特征的统计分析, 给出了北京及邻近地区的中期、 中短期、 短期和短临异常的时间分布特征, 并对地震前各阶段异常的超前时间进行了总结, 该时间可作为发震时间的预测指标。 在实际应用中可为该区的震情判定提供依据。  相似文献   

中国大陆地震地下流体异常特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

简春林 《地震》2004,24(1):42-49

根据《中国震例》(1966~1999年)在中国大陆发生M_S≥5.0地震188次震例资料 , 将其中与流体异常相关的126个震例中的803项流体异常按异常出现、 异常转折至发震随时间变化和异常数量随震中距距离变化分布的时、 空特征进行统计、 分析。 研究结果表明, 无论是趋势性异常还是短临异常, 在不同的时间段中, 异常数量呈现出明显的阶段性分布特征; 异常数量空间分布会随震中距的变化而不同。 在统计研究中还表明, 两者在时、 空分布方面有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

基于挤喷流效应的Russell流体因子推广及应用          下载免费PDF全文

张玉洁  刘洪  崔栋  桂生  冯玲丽 《地球物理学报》2016,59(10):3901-3908

在油气勘探与开发过程中,寻求能够从地震资料中直接识别储层油气的流体指示因子至关重要.由于现存多数流体指示因子都是在Biot理论假设前提下建立起来的,因此在双相孔隙介质条件下不能有效地识别流体.为此,本文基于前人提出的双孔介质统一波动理论,考虑岩石裂缝间挤喷流效应,在经典流体指示因子基础上构建了一种新的流体指示因子.该流体因子能够较好地反映岩石内孔隙流体的变化对波传播产生的影响.在实际资料的应用中,采用多种方法分析、对比该流体识别因子与以Biot理论为基础的传统流体因子的优劣,理论分析与实际资料的验证表明该流体因子对于储层中油气的检测有较高的精度和灵敏度.  相似文献   

Effect of pore geometry on Gassmann fluid substitution          下载免费PDF全文

Fuyong Yan  De‐Hua Han 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1575-1587

Although there is no assumption of pore geometry in derivation of Gassmann's equation, the pore geometry is in close relation with hygroscopic water content and pore fluid communication between the micropores and the macropores. The hygroscopic water content in common reservoir rocks is small, and its effect on elastic properties is ignored in the Gassmann theory. However, the volume of hygroscopic water can be significant in shaly rocks or rocks made of fine particles; therefore, its effect on the elastic properties may be important. If the pore fluids in microspores cannot reach pressure equilibrium with the macropore system, assumption of the Gassmann theory is violated. Therefore, due to pore structure complexity, there may be a significant part of the pore fluids that do not satisfy the assumption of the Gassmann theory. We recommend that this part of pore fluids be accounted for within the solid rock frame and effective porosity be used in Gassmann's equation for fluid substitution. Integrated study of ultrasonic laboratory measurement data, petrographic data, mercury injection capillary pressure data, and nuclear magnetic resonance T₂ data confirms rationality of using effective porosity for Gassmann fluid substitution. The effective porosity for Gassmann's equation should be frequency dependent. Knowing the pore geometry, if an empirical correlation between frequency and the threshold pore‐throat radius or nuclear magnetic resonance T₂ could be set up, Gassmann's equation can be applicable to data measured at different frequencies. Without information of the pore geometry, the irreducible water saturation can be used to estimate the effective porosity.  相似文献   

热弹性P波在有流体夹层介质中的传播问题及其基本特征^*     

张艳芳  张丽娟  武晔  张新超  李瑞东  胡顺田  熊仲华  赵永安 《地震》2016,36(2):76-84

本文作为基础理论研究,讨论了热弹性P波在有流体夹层介质中的传播问题。研究结果表明:热弹性波在流体夹层的传播中,不仅存在反射波、透射波,而且,还伴随有具有相同传播速度的温度波;且其反射系数、透射系数均为复数,并与介质的物性参数及夹层厚度有关。同时指出反射波、透射波的振幅、位相均受介质的物性参数及夹层厚度的影响。此外,还表明夹层中往返震荡的层间波是一系列正传热弹性波和反传热弹性波的叠加。  相似文献   

A predictive numerical model for potential mapping of the gas hydrate stability zone in the Gulf of Cadiz     

R. Len  L. Somoza  C.J. Gimnez-Moreno  C.J. Dabrio  G. Ercilla  D. Praeg  V. Díaz-del-Río  M. Gmez-Delgado 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(8):1564-1579

This paper presents a computational model for mapping the regional 3D distribution in which seafloor gas hydrates would be stable, that is carried out in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. The construction of the model is comprised of three primary steps, namely: (1) the construction of surfaces for the various variables based on available 3D data (seafloor temperature, geothermal gradient and depth-pressure); (2) the calculation of the gas function equilibrium functions for the various hydrocarbon compositions reported from hydrate and sediment samples; and (3) the calculation of the thickness of the hydrate stability zone. The solution is based on a transcendental function, which is solved iteratively in a GIS environment.The model has been applied in the northernmost continental slope of the Gulf of Cadiz, an area where an abundant supply for hydrate formation, such as extensive hydrocarbon seeps, diapirs and fault structures, is combined with deep undercurrents and a complex seafloor morphology. In the Gulf of Cadiz, the model depicts the distribution of the base of the gas hydrate stability zone for both biogenic and thermogenic gas compositions, and explains the geometry and distribution of geological structures derived from gas venting in the Tasyo Field (Gulf of Cadiz) and the generation of BSR levels on the upper continental slope.  相似文献   

Performance of pile-restrained flexible floating breakwaters     

Ioanna Diamantoulaki  Demos C. Angelides  George D. Manolis 《Applied Ocean Research》2008,30(4):243-255

The overall performance of pile-restrained flexible floating breakwaters is investigated under the action of linear monochromatic incident waves in the frequency domain. The aforementioned floating breakwaters undergo only vertical structural deflections along their length and are held in place by means of vertical piles. The total number of degrees of freedom equals the six conventional body modes, when the breakwater moves as a rigid body, plus the extra bending modes. These bending modes are introduced to represent the structural deflections of the floating breakwater and are described by the Bernoulli–Euler flexible beam equation. The number of bending modes introduced is determined through an appropriate iterative procedure. The hydrostatic coefficients corresponding to the bending modes are also derived. The numerical analysis of the flexible floating breakwaters is based on a three-dimensional hydrodynamic formulation of the floating body. A parametric study is carried out for a wide range of structural stiffness parameters and wave headings, to investigate their effect on the performance of flexible floating breakwaters. Moreover, this performance is compared with that of the corresponding pile-restrained rigid floating breakwater. Results indicated that the degree of structural stiffness and the wave heading strongly affect the performance of flexible floating breakwaters. The existence of an “optimum” value of structural stiffness is demonstrated for the entire wave frequency range.  相似文献   

表生环境条件形成的石盐流体包裹体研究进展     

刘兴起  倪培 《地球科学进展》2005,20(8):856-862

系统介绍了近些年来国外在表生环境条件形成的石盐流体包裹体均一温度、水体组分、δD和δ18O同位素、气体成分及微生物等信息提取和应用方面的研究进展。这些研究进展充分表明表生环境条件形成的石盐流体包裹体是目前利用蒸发盐定量获取古气候环境（温度、湿度）参数、揭示海洋和盐湖水体地质历史时期的长期演化以及丰富和深化成盐成矿理论的良好地质载体。分析了我国目前在这一研究领域同国外相比的差距、潜在优势和发展前景。  相似文献   

The Moreira Gomes deposit of the Cuiú-Cuiú goldfield: Fluid inclusions and stable isotope constraints and implications for the genesis of granite-hosted gold mineralization in the Tapajós Gold Province,Brazil     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2014

Moreira Gomes is a recently discovered deposit (21.7 t Au) of the Cuiú-Cuiú goldfield, Tapajós Gold Province, Amazonian Craton. The mineralized zone is about 1200 m long, 30–50 m wide, and at least 400 m in depth. The zone is controlled by a subvertical, east–west-trending structure that is related to a left lateral strike-slip fault system. The host rocks are predominantly tonalites of the Creporizão Intrusive Suite (1997 ± 2 Ma) of uncertain tectonic setting (magmatic arc or post-collision). Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are predominantly of the fissure-filling type and locally pervasive. Sericitization, chloritization, sulfidation, silicification, carbonatization and epidotization are the observed alteration types. Pyrite is the predominant sulfide mineral and bears inclusions of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and minor hessite and bismuthinite. Gold occurs predominantly as inclusions in pyrite and subordinately in the free-milling state in quartz veins. Ag, Pb and Bi have been detected by semi-quantitative EDS analysis.Three types of fluid inclusions, hosted in quartz veins and veinlets, have been identified. (1) one- and two-phase CO₂ inclusions; (2) two- and three-phase H₂O–CO₂-salt inclusions, and (3) two-phase H₂O-salt inclusions. The CO₂-bearing types are interpreted as the product of phase separation of an immiscible fluid. This fluid presents low to moderate density, low to moderate salinity (1.6–11.8 wt.% NaCl equivalent) and was trapped at 280° to 350 °C. The chemical system of the aqueous inclusions may contain CaCl₂ and/or MgCl₂, salinity varies from zero to 10.1 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Only locally salinities up to 25% have been recorded. This fluid was trapped between 120° and 220 °C and is interpreted as resulting from mixing of a hotter and more saline aqueous fluid (in part derived from phase separation of the H₂O–CO₂ fluid) with a cooler and dilute aqueous fluid.The δ³⁴S values of pyrite (−0.3‰ to 3.9‰) are probably related to magmatic sulfur. The isotopic composition of inclusion fluids and of the fluid in equilibrium with hydrothermal minerals (quartz, chlorite, and calcite) show δ¹⁸O and δD values that range from +0.5 to +9.8‰, and from −49 to −8‰, respectively. Mineral pairs show equilibrium isotopic temperatures that are compatible with the fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and with textural relationships of the hydrothermal minerals.Isotopic results combined with mineralogical and fluid inclusion data are interpreted to reflect a magmatic-hydrothermal system that evolved in at least three stages. (1) Exsolution of a CO₂-bearing magmatic fluid between 400 °C and 320–350 °C and up to 2.1 kbar (6 km in depth) followed by phase separation and main precipitation of the hydrothermal assemblage composed of chlorite–sericite–pyrite–quartz-gold. (2) Cooling and continuous exsolution of CO₂ produced a CO₂-depleted and slightly more saline aqueous fluid that was trapped mainly at 250°–280 °C. The predominant hydrothermal assemblage of stage 1 continued to form, but epidote is the main phase at this stage. (3) Mixing of the stage 2 aqueous fluid with a cooler and dilute aqueous fluid of meteoric origin, which was responsible for the main carbonatization phase. The mineralizing fluid was neutral to slightly alkaline and relatively reduced. H₂S (and/or HS^-) might have been the main sulfur species in the fluid and Au(HS)^2- was probably the gold transporting complex. Gold deposition occurred as a consequence of a combination of mechanisms, such as phase separation, mixing and fluid-rock interaction.The Moreira Gomes is a granite-hosted gold deposit that is interpreted to be a product of a magmatic-hydrothermal gold system. The age of ore formation (∼1.86 Ga) is consistent with the final stages of evolution of the widespread high-K, calc-alkaline Parauari Intrusive Suite, although the transitional to predominantly alkaline Maloquinha Intrusive Suite cannot be ruled out. Notwithstanding, the deposit does not show the classic features of (oxidized or reduced) intrusion-related gold deposits of Phanerozoic magmatic arcs.  相似文献